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bu gu zhi  補骨脂 (in English and Chinese 中英文)

By: Joe Hing Kwok Chu

Present Applications:

1. enuresis: bu gu zhi. yi zhi ren 60 g of each. Stir fry with salt. Grind into fine powder and make into 6 packages. Add one bag to rice porridge. Take 1 in the morning. (double the dosage for adults). Six days is therapy cycle.

Result: 60 patients, age 2 to 60 years old. All healed. Monitored for 5 years. No relapse.[1]

2. leukoderma of the vagina: apply bu gu zhi extract (paste) every other day on affected areas. Result: 53 patients. Healed: 50. Improved: 3. Seven patients developed dermatitis due to allergenic reaction of the herb.[2]

3. bronchial asthma

4. bleeding of the uterus

5. low white cell count

6.psoriasis

7. flat warts

8. normal warts

9. leukoderma and bald spot

10 eczema

11. impotence, irregular menses, fungus infection of nails

 

Pharmaceutical name:

英文药名:

Fructus Psoraleae

Biological name:

拉丁學名:

Psoralea corylifolia L.

Japanese Pronunciation:

日語發音:

 hokotsushi

Korean Pronunciation:

韓語發音:

 pogolchi

Pron. in Cantonese

粤語發音:

bou2 gwat1 zi1

Common Name:

英文名:

psoralea fruit

Other Prescription Names:

處方別名:

po gu zi, gu zi, po gu zi, hei gu zi

破故紙,故子,破骨子,黑故子。

Distribution:

 Throughout  China, mainly the northeast, northwest, and southwest regions.

Properties (characteristics)﹕

性 味﹕

 acrid, bitter, pungent, very warm

辛﹐苦,性溫。

Channels (meridians) entered:

歸經:

kidney, spleen

腎,脾。

Actions & Indications:

主治:

Impotence, spermatorrhea, premature ejaculation due to shenyangxu condition; frequent urination, uncontrollable urination, early morning diarrhea due to shenyangxu condition; irregular menses, cold feeling in the uterus, habitual miscarriage due to shenyangxu (kidney yang deficient); leukorrhea, geriatric asthma due to shenyangxu condition; low white cell count; for leukoderma (vitiligo)﹐corn, flat warts (verrucae planae)

腎陽不足之陽萎,遺精,早泄腎 陽虛纏綿腰痛,小便頻數,遺尿,五 更腎虛寒泄,月經 不調,子宮冷感,腎虛滑胎﹐白帶老 年腎虛氣喘白 血球減少類 風濕性關節炎, 製成20~30%酊劑,外塗治雞 眼,扁 平疣, 及白癜風有 效。

Daily Dosage:

每日用 量﹕

 10 to 20 g per day.  Freeze-dried extract: 0.5 to 2 g per day. Adjust dosage according to syndromes and body conditions.

10~20公克;濃縮中藥:0.52.0公 克。.可依病症與體質酌量增減使用量。

Medical Functions:

Medical Functions:

  1. Effects on the circulatory system: Expands the coronary arteries. (4 times as strong as the drug Khellin);

  2. Light-sensitive effect.

  3. Anti-tumors.

  4. Estrogen-type of effect. Anti-early pregnancy.

  5. Antibiotic effect.

  6. Anti-aging.

  7. Improves effects of white cells. Corrects the low level of adrenocortical hormone and increases the white blood cell count.

  8. Stops bleeding. Shortens bleeding of menses, uterus, nose and gums.

  9. Kills parasites.

  10. Relaxes the smooth muscles: uterus, bronchi.

  11. Helps to prevent rejection of skin grafts (in rabbits).

  12. Anti-rheumatoid-arthritis (類風濕性關節炎)

Samples of formulae:

處方舉例:

 

Impotence, spermatorrhea, premature ejaculation due to shenyangxu

Prescription: equal amount of bu gu zhi, tu si zi, jin yin zi, xia long gu. Bake to dry in low heat. Grind into fine powder. Take 10 g each time with lightly salted drinking water, twice a day.

Geriatric asthma due to shenyangxu

Prescription: bu gu zhi 12 g, dong chong xia cao 10 g. Add water. Make into decoction. Take twice a day, morning and evening.

Low white cell count:

Prescription: bake 500 grams of bu gu zhi. Grind into powder. Mix with 1000 gram of honey. Make into pills. Take 10 grams each time, with slightly salted water. Twice a day: morning and evening.

Flat warts ("verrucae planae")

Prescription: Make 20 ~30% of alcohol extract of bu gu zhi tincture. Apply externally

 

Chemical Ingredients: [1]

化學成份:【1】

Chemical Ingredients:

1.香豆素類

 (1) 補骨脂素 (psoralen),異補骨脂素 (isopsoralen )[1], 雙羥異補骨脂定 (corylidin)[2,3], 補骨脂定 (psoralidin), 異補骨脂定(isopsoralidin [Bakuchicin[4]])[3], .

(2) 苯并呋喃香豆素 Bavacoumestan A, 補骨脂香 豆雌烷B Bavacoumestan B, 槐属香豆雌烷A Sophoracoumestan A[5].

2.黃酮類

(1) 查耳酮類:補骨脂查耳酮 (bavachalcone), 補骨脂乙素 (corylifolinin, 異補 骨脂查耳酮 isobavachalcone,)[6], 補骨脂色烯素 (bavachromene)[7], 補骨脂色酚酮 (bavachromanol)[8], 新補骨脂查耳 酮 (neobavachalcone)[9], 異補骨脂查耳酮 (isoneobavachalcone)[10].

(2)補骨脂甲素  (bavachin, coryfolin)[11, 6], 補骨脂甲素甲醚 (bavachinin), 異補骨脂甲素 (isobavachin)[6].

(3) 異黃酮類:補骨脂寧 (corylin)[12], 新補骨脂異黃酮 (neobavaisoflavone)[7], 補骨脂異黃酮(corylinal)[13], 補骨脂異黃酮醇 Psoralenol[8].

3. 單萜酚類

補骨脂酚 (bakuchiol)[14-16].

4.脂類 fat

甘油三酯,游離脂肪酸,甘油二脂,甘油單脂,蠟脂,極性類脂,其主要成份為 十八碳烯酸 (octadecenoic acid), 和十四烷酸 (tetradecanoic acid) 和十八烷酸 (octadecanoic acid), 蠟 脂部份含豐富的二十二烷酸(docosanic acid),極性類脂含較多的十八碳烯酸 (octadecatrienoic acid).

5. 其他

豆固醇(stigmasterol)[4,7], 胡蘿蔔甙 (daucosterol), 三十烷 (triacontane)[2].

Modern Research:

现代研究:

Toxicity: large dosages have caused atrophy of the liver, testes of mice.

毒性:大剤量能致小鼠的肝臟與睾丸萎缩。

Cautions:

禁忌:

Not to use in case of high heat due to yinxu condition. Some traditional sources mention that it antagonizes gan cao.

There was a report that mentioned injectiones of bu gu zhi solution had cause shock reaction.

Large dosage given to guinea pigs and rats had some teratogenic effect (causing malformations of an embryo or fetus).

Large dosages and/or long term usage can be toxic to kidneys.

而 發高熱忌用。有傳统著作指補骨脂反甘草

用補骨脂注射液曾有發生過休克的報導。

用大剤量於豚鼠與大鼠能致胚胎發生產生畸形的影响。
大劑量或長期服用可能對 腎臟有毒

[1] Chinese Medicine Modern Research and Clinical Application 中藥現代研究與臨床應用,學苑出版社。

Khellin: a crystalline compound C14H12O5 obtained from the fruit of a Middle Eastern plant (Ammi visnaga) of the family Umbelliferae.  It is a vasodilator that also has bronchodilatory action. It is being used for the treatment of angina pectoris,  asthma, and in conjunction with ultraviolet light a, has been tried in the treatment of vitiligo.

Pharmacological action: bronchodilator agents, vasodilator agents.

Chemical name: 5H-Furo(3,2-g)(1)benzopyran-5-one, 4,9-dimethoxy-7-methyl-

 

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類風濕性關節炎

  名醫焦樹德采用補 腎寒 治湯 進行治療,

方劑1名稱:

補腎祛寒治

組成:

補骨脂9-12克,熟地12-24克,川斷12-18克 ,淫羊藿9-12克,炙山甲6-9克,防風10克,制附片6-12克(用到15克時,需先煎10- 20分鐘),骨碎補10-20克,桂枝9-15克 ,赤白芍各9-12克,知母9-15克,羌獨活各10-12克,松節10克,地鱉虫6-10克,麻黃3- 6克,蒼術6-10克,威靈仙12克, 伸筋草30克,牛膝9-15克,炙虎骨(或豹骨﹐熊骨)9-12克(另煎兌入)。若虎﹐豹﹐熊三骨均購不到,可用透骨草20克﹐尋骨風15克﹐自 然銅(醋淬﹐先煎)6-9克,三藥同用,以代虎骨。

功能:

補腎祛寒﹐化濕疏風,活瘀通絡,強筋壯骨。

主治:

 痹,腎虛寒盛証。其中包括現代醫學的類風濕 關節炎﹐強直性脊柱炎﹐結核性關節炎﹐大骨節病等有肢體關節疼痛﹐變形﹐骨質損害的疾病。表現為關節喜暖怕冷,腰酸乏力,遇寒疼痛加重,舌苔薄白 或白,脈沉尺弱者。

方解:

本方以《金匱要略》桂枝芍藥知母湯合《太平惠 民和劑局方》虎骨散加減化裁而成。方中以川續斷﹐補骨脂補腎陽,壯筋骨;制附片壯腎陽,祛寒邪;熟地補腎填精,養肝益血共為主藥。以骨碎補活瘀祛 骨風;淫羊藿補腎陽,祛腎風;虎骨祛風壯骨;桂枝﹐羌活﹐獨活﹐威靈仙搜散少陰﹐太陽經及肢體風寒濕邪;白芍養血榮筋,緩急舒攣共為輔藥。又以防 風散風,麻黃散寒,配熟地可溫肌腠;蒼術化濕,赤芍活瘀壯筋骨,知母滋腎清熱,穿山甲通經散結,地鱉虫活瘀壯筋骨,伸筋草舒筋活絡,松節通利關節 共為佐藥。其中赤芍﹐知母﹐地鱉虫兼具反佐之用,以防溫藥化熱。牛膝益腎并能引藥入腎為使藥。

加減運用:

上肢病重者,加片姜黃10克;瘀血明顯者,加 紅花10克,乳香﹐沒藥各6克,皂刺6克;腰腿疼痛明顯者,可去松節﹐蒼術,加桑寄生30克﹐杜仲12克,并加重川斷﹐補骨脂用量,吃藥時再嚼胡 桃肉(炙)1-2個;肢體僵屈者,可去蒼術﹐防風﹐松節,加生苡米30-40克,木瓜9-12克﹐茯苓12克﹐白僵蚕 9-12克;脊柱僵直,彎 曲變形者,可去蒼術﹐牛膝,加金狗脊40克﹐鹿角膠9克(鹿角片﹐鹿角霜亦可)﹐白僵蚕12克,羌活改為12克;關節疼痛重者,可加重附片的用量 ,并且可再加草烏6-9克﹐七厘散(每次1克)隨湯藥沖服;舌苔白厚膩者,可去熟地,加砂仁5克﹐藿香10克;中運不健,脘脹納呆者,可加陳皮﹐ 焦麥芽﹐焦神曲各10克;出現熱象者,可減少桂附用量,加黃柏10-12克﹐秦艽15-20克,把熟地改為生熟地各15克,或生地20克。

注意事項:

1. 本方以治本為主,往往需服4-6周才出 現療效,故需耐心堅持服用,不可僅服几劑即改方。
2. 服藥2-3個月(或更長),收到顯著效果後,可將此方2-3劑,研為細末,每次服3克,每日2-3次,溫開水送服,長期服用,以防复發而漸 達痊愈。

經驗體會:

本方以經方桂枝芍藥知母湯合後世方虎骨散加減 變化而成。因為本病的病因病机特點是腎虛,寒濕之邪深侵入腎(腎主骨,故骨質受損)所致,所以藥方的特點也是突出了補腎祛寒這一治本大法。方中雖 然用了不少溫熱散寒﹐疏風化濕之品,但因有熟地﹐白芍﹐知母滋腎養血,而體現了前人“疏風勿燥血”的理論;配有知母﹐赤芍﹐地鱉虫性寒清熱,又體 現出“祛寒勿助火”的治療思想。方中藥味雖多,正韓信用兵多而不亂,主輔佐使,作用分明,相須相使,配伍巧妙;以治本為主,兼顧其標,辨病辨証, 整體治療。所以病人服藥後,不僅肢體關節腫消痛減,更重要的是全身气力增加,面色潤澤,活動能力增強,非一般祛風濕藥所可比擬。

 

補骨脂是傳統的補腎助陽中藥,現臨床還有不少新用途:

  一﹐單味應用
  (一)頸椎骨質增生:有人對經X線攝片及CT檢查診斷為頸椎骨質增生且口服﹐靜脈給藥均效差的患者,用單味補骨脂研成細末加紅糖口服,每日3次,每次10g, 服1周後頸部感覺明顯輕鬆,又服1月後諸症減輕。後經多例治療証實確有良效。
  (二)痛經:痛經屬寒滯血凝和肝腎不足者,經前3天給予補骨脂10g研成細末加紅糖沖服,每日2次,服至經停,連服3個周期。
  (三)無症狀性蛋白尿:對無症狀性蛋白尿患者,以補骨脂60g加水適量,煎至150ml後取藥液服用,每日1劑,每日3次,服1個月後減量。藥理研究 証實,補骨脂內含補骨脂素等成分,有擴張血管﹐改善循環﹐促進免疫復合物轉陰﹐抗菌﹐升高白細胞等作用,其治療機理可能與此有關。

  二﹐組方應用
  (一)出血:脾腎陽虛﹐固攝無權的反復出血患者,可在辨証用方基礎上加補骨脂15g~30g,療效較好。
  (二)放療﹐化療後白細胞降低:放﹐化療引起的白細胞降低患者,在辨証用方中加入補骨脂,可提高療效。為用藥方便,可制成生白散:補骨脂﹐當歸﹐黃芪 各等份,共研細末,每次服6g,日服3次。
  (三):用補骨脂﹐丹參各等份,研成細末或制成丸劑,每次服4g,每日3次,黃酒送服。
  (四)高血脂:痰濕阻滯型高血脂患者,用補骨脂﹐澤瀉各等份研末,每次4g,每日3次,溫水送服。
  (五)小兒脫肛: 補骨脂100g,烏梅20g,五倍子20g,升麻10g,水煎後用藥液熏洗肛門,連用1~2周,收效甚捷。
  (六)復發性口瘡:辨証用方中加補骨脂內服,同時用適量補骨脂略炒研末,涂於瘡面,每日4次,一般半月即可。對久治不愈的口腔潰瘍補骨脂可作為首選藥 物,但對口瘡初起或屬於實熱証的,則不易使用。
  (七)其他:辨証治療低血壓方中加補骨脂可提高療效,補骨脂可用至30g;婦女帶下以傅山完帶湯加補骨脂30g(鹽炒)治療收效較好。

常怡勇

中國中醫藥報

 

腎陽虛所致之陽萎﹐遺精,早泄

處方﹕補 骨脂﹐菟絲子﹐金櫻子﹐煅龍骨﹐等分。慢火焙乾。共研細末。每次用淡鹽水送服10克 。早晚各一次。

腎陽虛腰痛﹕

處方﹕補骨脂12克 ﹐胡桃肉30克﹐杜仲﹐肉蓯蓉﹐續斷各10克。水煎。早晚各服一次。

老年腎虛氣喘

處方﹕補 骨脂12克﹐冬虫夏草10克。水煎。早晚各服一次。

五更溏瀉﹕

處方﹕補骨脂﹐大棗各15克﹐肉豆蔻5克﹐生 薑10克 。水煎。早晚各服一次。

白血球減少

處方﹕補骨脂500克 微炒研 細末﹐蜂蜜1000克。共為丸。每服10克。早晚一次。用淡鹽水送服。

以上配方來源﹕林仲

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