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 goitrogens   甲狀腺腫原 （in English and Chinese 中英文)

By: Joe Hing Kwok Chu

A large number of food contain anti-thyroid agents, collectively called goitrogens (a kind of enzyme). Goitrogens are substances that interfere with the uptake of iodine thus interfering the functioning of the thyroid. They also inhibit the transfer of iodine into mother's milk.

Goitrogens is term created from gluconsinolates and goiter.

Gglucosinolates, a group of compounds that occur widely in the genus Brassicae. Some of the breakdown products of glucosinolates, such as thiocyanates, nitriles, and oxazolidines, have been implicated for their inhibitory effects on the thyroid. [1]

Many kinds of food are high in goitrogen, like vegetables of Brassica family: bok choy, mustard green, rape, rutabaga, turnips,  kohlrabi (German turnips), kale, cabbage, cauliflower, kai lan (Chinese broccoli, Brassica capitata var. alboglabra), brussels sprouts, arugula, horseradish, radish, wasabi and watercress. Also , pear, peaches, spinach, strawberry, tofu, soy products, pine nuts, peanuts, millet are high in goitrogens.

Goitrogens is de-activated in cooking heat. Eating large amount of raw vegetables high in goitrogens can cause hypothyroidism or hyperthyroidism.

There are incidences that long term eating too much raw vegetable have dangerously affected the functioning the thyroids.
 

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食物中含有大量抗甲狀腺物 質，統 稱甲狀腺腫原(goitrogen)。 甲狀腺腫原能 抑制碘質的攝 取，從而干擾甲狀腺的功 能。甲 狀腺腫原還能抑 制碘質轉 移到母親的乳汁。
多種食物是高甲 狀腺腫原，如甘藍類的蔬 菜：白菜，芥菜，油菜，大頭菜，蘿 蔔，大 頭菜（德國蘿蔔），羽衣甘藍，白菜，菜花，芥 蘭，抱子甘藍，芝麻菜，辣根， 蘿蔔，芥末和水芹（ 西洋菜）。還 有：梨，桃子，菠 菜，草莓，豆腐，豆製品，松子，花生，小米都是在甲 狀腺腫原高的食物。
甲狀腺腫原在烹調加熱後其 作用會被抑制。常吃甲 狀腺腫原高的生蔬 菜可引起甲狀腺功能低下或 甲狀腺功能亢進。
有長期吃太多生菜危險影響的運作甲 狀腺的發病率。

[1] DOI: 10.1056/NEJMc0911005