Pharmaceutical name:

Rhizoma Coptidis (huang lian)

Rhizoma Picrorhizae (xuan hu lian)

Biological name:

拉丁學名﹕

huang lian:

1. Coptis chinensis Franch.

2. Coptis deltodea C.Y Cheng et Hsiao

3. Coptis teeta Wall.

4. Coptis quiquefolia Mig. (台灣黃連)

xuan hu lian

1. Picrorhiza scrophularfifolia Pennell (胡黃連)

2. Picrorhiza kurrooa Royle ex Benth.(印度胡黃連)

Other names:

chuan lian,川 蓮，wei lian 味 蓮  (Coptis chinensis Franch.),

ya lian 雅 蓮 (Coptis deltodea C.Y Cheng et Hsiao) ,

yun lian雲 蓮  (Cotis teeta Wall.)

Pron. in Japanese:

o ren

Pron. in Korean:

hwang lyon

Pron. in Cantonese:

wong4  lin4

Common Name:

coptis rhizome (huang lian)

Figwortflower, Picrorhiza Rhizome (xuan hu lian)

Distribution:

分佈﹕

huang lian: Sichuan四川, Xizang 西藏, Hubei 湖 北, Jiangxi 江西, Shanxi 陝西 , Shanxi   江 西

xuan hu lian: Yunnan, Xizang, Nepal, India,

Properties (characteristics):性 味:

bitter in taste; cool

苦 ， 寒 。

Channels (meridians) entered:

 heart, large intestine, liver, and stomach channels.

心﹐大腸﹐肝﹐胃。

Actions & Indications:

For relief of heat toxicity, indigestion, diabetes, inflammation of intestine,  diarrhea caused by bacterial infection, high fever, restlessness and insomnia, spitting blood, nose bleeding due to heat in blood, red eyes and excess stomach acid, tooth ache, boils.

External uses: inflammation of the cornea,  middle ear infection, ulceration of tongue and mouth, external ear infection and eczema.

Jiu huang lian: for heat in the upper part of the body like red eyes, sores in the mouth.

Jiang huang lian: for clearing the stomach, stop vomiting; for coldness and heat intertwined in the abdomen area.

Yu huang lian: for relieving the liver, stop vomiting; for liver and stomach not in harmony, vomiting and excess stomach acid.

Medical function:

1. antibiotic and anti-amoeba

2. effect on heart and blood vessels

•  (1) small amount improves coronary blood vessel circulation while large amount suppresses it.

• (2) protects heart muscles in case of lack of blood circulation and anti arrhythmia.

• (3) relaxes blood vessels

• (4) anti palette coagulation

• (5) shrinks red blood cells

• (6) lowers blood sugar

3. small amount improves function of acetylcholine while large amount suppresses it.

4. decoction of huang lian 5mg/ml/1 hr, kills 99.8% of H. pylori in vitro.[1]

Samples of formulae:

huang lian e jiao tang 黃 連阿膠湯

san huang xie xin tang 三黄瀉心湯

Chemical ingredients:

Dosage:

1.5 to 20 g. Concentrated extract: 0.5 g to 2 g.

1.5～20克；濃縮中藥：0.5～2 克

Toxicity:

不良反應 ：

It is being used in wind heat type of cold or flu. Not to to be used  in cases of wind cold type type of cold or flu and deficient type of syndromes.

Normal dosage is relatively safe with few side effects and no adverse effects from long term use. Large dosage can be toxic.

Not to use in patients with glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency.

Clinical experiences and laboratory studies show that the toxic reactions include:

1. acute deprivation of oxygen of the brain due to cardiac function

2. shock due to allergenic reaction

3. rash

4. dizziness, tinnitus, nausea, vomiting, anxiety and fright, short of breath, joint pain

5. diarrhea, flatulence, rumbling noise in the intestines, frequent urination

6. decrease of heme and blood cells

7. report of sudden stoppage of circulation and breathing due to venous feeding of injectiones of huang lian

患有葡萄糖-六-磷酸鹽去氫酵素缺乏症(蠶豆 症)之病人 忌用。
只適用於  風熱感 冒和實熱性病証。不可用於風 寒感冒 和虛寒 証。
臨床和實驗研究表明，本品有以下毒副反應：^[1]

1. 急性心 源性腦 缺氧综合征；

2. 過 敏 性休克；

3. 麻疹样 药疹和荨麻疹型药疹；

4. 頭 晕,耳 鳴 ,惡 心 ,嘔 吐 ,心慌,氣 短,關 節 痛等；

5. 腹瀉 ,腹脹 ,腸 鳴 ,多尿；

6. 血色素 及血细胞减少。

7. 静滴黄連 素曾引致 三 例循 環 呼吸骤停。

Chemical ingredients of hu huang liang (Picrorhiza scrophularfifolia Pennell):

胡黃連化學成份﹕

Roots of  Picrorhiza scrophularfifolia Pennell contain:

胡黄 連根含:

Kutkin 3.4%*

胡 黄連素 3.4%*

D—Mannitol 0．5%

D—甘 露醇 0．5%

Vanillic acid 0．1%

香 荚藍酸  0．1%

Kutkiol

胡 黄連醇

Kutkisterol 0.18％

黄 連甾醇 0.18％

Apocynin

香 荚藍乙 酮

Kutkin is not a simple chemical compound, it is:

胡黄連素并不是一个的 簡單化合物, 它是﹕

a stable crystalized mixture of Picroside  I and Kutkoside and contains Picroside  II

胡 黄連苦甙 I和胡黄連甙的 稳定混晶, 並含﹕胡黄連苦甙 Ⅱ

Fruits contain:

果實 含:

vitamin C

抗 壞血酸

sugar

糖 类

starch

澱 粉

protein

蛋 白質

Roots and stems contain:

根茎含:

iridoid glycoside. The ingredients are: picroside  I﹐II﹐III

環烯醚萜甙成分為胡黄連甙I﹐II﹐III

free organic acid: Vanillic Acid, Cinnamic acid and  ferulic acid.

游离有机酸，主要為香草酸﹐桂皮酸﹐阿魏酸。