Pipermethystine contained in stems and leave can be toxic to the liver. Flavokavain B found in the rhizoma may contribute to the toxicity effect. [2] Kava has been reported to cause liver damage, including hepatitis and liver failure [4]. Kava has been associated with several cases of dystonia (abnormal muscle spasm or involuntary muscle movements). Kava may interact with several drugs, including drugs used for Parkinson's disease. Long-term and/or heavy use of kava may result in scaly, yellowed skin. Kava has been reported to cause drowsiness. Avoid driving and operating heavy machinery while taking kava. [3] Do not use in case of having surgery or during pregnancy or during breast feeding.[6] Pipermethystine包 含在莖和葉,可對肝臟有毒。 Flavokavain乙的根莖發現可能有助於毒性 效果。 [2] 卡瓦有報導引起肝臟損害,包括肝炎和肝功能衰竭[4]。 卡瓦一直伴隨著幾例肌張力障礙(異常的肌肉痙攣或不自主肌肉運動)。 卡瓦幾種藥物,包括用於帕金森氏症的藥物可能會相互作用。 長期和/或卡瓦大量使用可能會導致鱗屑,泛黃的皮膚。 卡瓦有報導引起嗜睡。避免駕駛和操作重型機械,同時服用卡瓦。 做手術或懷孕期間或哺乳期間不可用。[6] |